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Tropical Dental Journal - 1st Pan African international dental journal


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Published in English in Tropical Dental Journal Volume 28 - March 2005 pages 39-48

Psychosocial implications of malocclusion among 12-18 year old secondary school children in Ibadan, NigeriaPsychosocial implications of malocclusion among 12-18 year old secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria est évalué 1 étoiles par les abonnés Tropical Dental Journal Online

Article Open access

Authors : C.O. ONYEASO, O.O SANU - Nigeria


Résumé

Le but de cette étude était d’analyser les implications psychologiques existantes liées à la malocclusion dans la ville d’Ibadan au Nigeria. Une population composée de 614 adolescents à l’école secondaire (327 hommes et 287 femmes), âgée de 12-18 ans (âge moyen : 14.9 ± 2.9 SD) a complété un questionnaire contenant des questions à propos de l’apparence du corps humain et d’autres données spécifiques. Les occlusions chez ces adolescents étaient examinées en utilisant l’index esthétique dentaire (IED) et les caractéristiques la malocclusion liées à l’apparence physique, à la perception personnelle et aux implications sociales de l’apparence dentaire. Les sujets ayant une malocclusion ont considéré les dents comme étant la partie la moins satisfaisante de leur corps parmi douze propositions. Le taux le plus bas était observé chez les sujets ayant les segments incisives maxillaire et mandibulaire serrés. Des différences très significatives (P< 0.001) étaient enregistrées entre les sujets ayant une malocculusion mineure et ceux ayant une malocclusion marquée, en indiquant l’attention portée à la malocclusion, l’insatisfaction due à l’apparence des dents et l’image défavorable des dents par rapport aux autres écoliers. Le plus souvent, les collégiens se moquaient significativement de ceux ayant une malocclusion (P< 0.001). L’image défavorable en fonction de l’apparence des dents était significativement exprimée chez les sujets ayant des irrégularités du maxillaire antérieur d’un millimètre et plus, un espace entre les segments d’incisives maxillaires et mandibulaires, un milieu ouvert au diastème du segment d’incisive mandibulaire et aux déviations molaires. Il était conclu que certaines malocclusions, spécialement des anomalies occlusales et spaciales peuvent affecter négativement l’apparence physique et la conception personnelle chez les adolescents Nigérians.

Abstract
Psychosocial implications of malocclusion among 12-18 year old secondary school children in Ibadan, Nigeria

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the current psychosocial implications of malocclusion in Ibadan, Nigeria.
The study sample comprised 614 secondary school children (327 males and 287 females) aged 12 -18 years (mean age, 14.9 ± 2.9 SD) who filled in a questionnaire containing general questions about body image and specific inquires concerning self-perception and social implications of dental appearance. The children’s occlusions were also assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) and the malocclusion traits related to body image, self-perception, and social implications of dental appearance.
Subjects with malocclusion rated only the teeth significantly least satisfactory among other twelve items of body image. The lowest rating was observed in subjects with crowding of the maxillary and mandibular incisor segments. Highly significant differences (P < 0.001) were found between subjects with normal or minor malocclusion and those with marked malocclusion in indicating awareness of malocclusion, dissatisfaction with the appearance of the teeth, and unfavourable appearance of the teeth compared with those of peers. Schoolmates’ teasing occurred significantly more often in the presence of malocclusion (P < 0.001). Unfavourable perceptions of the teeth were expressed significantly more often by subjects with anterior maxillary irregularities of up to 1 mm and more, spacing of both maxillary and mandibular incisor segments, midline diastema, crowding (especially of the mandibular incisor segment), anterior open bite and molar relation deviations.
It was concluded that certain malocclusions, especially occlusal and space anomalies, may adversely affect body image and self-concept of Nigerian adolescents.

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