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Résumé

Objectif : Evaluation de la prévalence des candidoses oro-pharyngées et des conditions prédisposantes chez les patients âgés hospitalisés.
Matériel : Etude menée sur 104 patients âgés récemment hospitalisés dans 2 institutions de court séjour.
Méthodes : Collecte des données informant sur le sexe, les handicaps physiques et mentaux, la consommation de tabac, les prescriptions médicales, les pathologies orales, le statut bucco-dentaire, les habitudes et le niveau d’hygiène, accompagnée d’une évaluation de la qualité de la denture et de l’examen des muqueuses pour dépister des candidoses, diagnostic clinique éventuellement confirmé par des cultures de Candida.
Résultats : Diagnostic de candidose confirmé sur 18 des 54 patients présentant des signes cliniques de candidoses, confirmation associée à d’autres infections, à une dénutrition protéinique, à des traitements antibiotiques et à des réhabilitations prothétiques à l’état de surface de médiocre qualité.
Conclusion : La prothèse amovible est facteur de risque de candidoses orales chez le patient âgé en hospitalisation de court séjour. Une hygiène buccale et prothétique appropriée assurera la prévention de l’infection de la candidose.

Abstract
Assessment of oral status and oro-pharyngeal candidosis in elderly in short-term hospital care

Objectives: To evaluate prevalence of oral candidosis and predisposing conditions in hospitalized elderly patients.
Design: We examined 104 elder patients recently hospitalized in two geriatric hospitals for short-term hospital care.
Methods: Information was collected on patients’ sex, age, mental and physical disabilities, smoking habits, medical prescriptions, oral pathologies, denture wearing, oral hygiene habits and oral hygiene level. Quality of existing dentures was evaluated. Oral mucosae were examined for clinical signs suggesting oral candidosis. Semiquantitative cultures of Candida were carried out to confirm the clinical diagnosis.
Results: The diagnosis of oral candidosis was confirmed in 18/54 patients showing clinical signs of oral candidosis. Confirmed oral candidosis was associated with the presence of other infections, proteo-caloric denutrition, ongoing antibiotic therapy, and denture wearing. Dentures in patients with confirmed oral candidosis at poorer technical quality of the acrylic surface in contact with the underlying mucosa.
Conclusion: The wearing of removable dentures is a major predisposing factor for oro-pharyngeal candidosis of elderly patients in short-term hospital care. Appropriate oral and denture hygiene measures as well as denture wearing habits should be introduced or maintained to prevent this infection.