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Résumé

Objectifs : Déterminer la fréquence de l’expression et le dimorphisme sexuel des traits morphologiques dentaires suivants au niveau de la 1ère molaire permanente mandibulaire chez des jordaniens contemporains : l’entoconide (cuspide 6; sextum tuberculum), le métaconulide (cuspide 7, tuberculum intermedium), le post-métaconulide et le pré-entoconulide (entostylide). Lorsque l’analyse des interactions entre ces différents traits était possible, celle-ci était un autre objectif.
Méthodes : Trois-cent six élèves (176 garçons et 184 filles, âgés de 15,5 ± 0,4 ans) vivant dans le centre de la Jordanie étaient inclus. Des empreintes de l’arcade mandibulaire étaient prises et des moulages en plâtre réalisés en 2009. La présence des traits mentionnés ci-dessus était observée. Le test Z de comparaison entre 2 proportions et une recherche de corrélation non paramétrique étaient utilisés pour l’analyse des données.
Résultats : La cuspide 7 (métaconulide) était trouvée chez 15,83 % des sujets et la cuspide 6 (entoconide) chez 21,67%. Comparativement, aussi bien le post-métaconulide que le pré-entoconulide (entostylide) étaient absents sur la 1ère molaire mandibulaire des sujets examinés. L’analyse des corrélations non paramétriques a montré une association faible et non significative entre l’expression de la cuspide 6 et celle de la cuspide 7 chez ces jordaniens.
Conclusion : Les cuspides 6 et 7 sont exprimées à un taux relativement plus importants chez les jordaniens contemporains d’origine arabe que chez les autres eurasiens occidentaux, ce qui suggère un transfert de gène important entre les africains subsahariens et les mongols du Moyen Orient.

Abstract
Entoconulid (cusp 6), metaconulid (cusp 7), post-metaconulid and pre-entoconulid expression on permanent mandibular first molar in the living Jordanian population and inter-trait interactions

Objectives: To determine the frequency of expression and sexual dimorphism of the following dental morphological traits on the permanent mandibular first molar (LM1) in the living Jordanians: Entoconulid (cusp 6; tuberculum sextum), metaconulid (cusp 7, tuberculum intermedium), post-metaconulid and pre-entoconulid (entostylid) traits. In addition, to analyze inter-trait interactions whenever possible was one of the aims.
Methods: Three hundred sixty school children (176 males, 184 females, ages 15.5 ± 0.4 years) from the middle of Jordan were involved. Impressions for the mandibular dental arches were taken, and dental casts were produced in 2009. The above-mentioned traits were observed. Z-value test between two proportions and nonparametric correlation analysis were used for data analysis.
Results: Cusp 7 on LM1 was found in 15.83 %, while cusp 6 on this tooth was found in 21.67% of the examined students. In comparison, both post-metaconulid and pre-entoconulid traits were found to be absent on LM1 in all observed subjects. Nonparametric correlation analysis revealed weak negative and statistically insignificant association between the expression of cusp 6 and 7 on LM1 among the living Jordanians.
Conclusion: Both cusp 6 and cusp 7 on LM1 are expressed in a relatively higher rate among the living Jordanian Arabs than other studied Western Eurasians, suggesting a significant gene flow from Sub-Saharan Africans and Mongolians to the Middle East. In addition, the insignificant weak correlation between cusp 6 and 7 on LM1 suggests that these two dental morphological traits are both genetically and phenotypically independent.