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Tropical Dental Journal - 1st Pan African international dental journal


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Published in English in Tropical Dental Journal Volume 35 - September 2012 pages 41-46

Dentoalveolar abscess among children attending a dental clinic in NigeriaDentoalveolar abscess among children attending a dental clinic in Nigeria est évalué 1 étoiles par les abonnés Tropical Dental Journal Online

Article Open access

Authors : C.C. Azodo, N.M. Chukwumah, E.B. Ezeja - Nigeria


Résumé

Objectif : Déterminer l’incidence et les causes d’abcès dento-alvéolaire chez les enfants fréquentant une clinique dentaire au Nigeria.
Matériel et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective portant sur des enfants traités au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Benin City d’octobre 2010 à septembre 2011.
Résultats : L’incidence des abcès dento-alvéolaires était de 6,4% (53/824). Toutefois seuls 42 cas avaient leurs dernières analyses. Ils étaient surtout présents dans le quadrant inférieur droit de la bouche. Les enfants concernés étaient majoritairement des garçons et premier ou deuxième enfant d’une famille monogame. Dix-sept (40,5 %) des enfants atteints étaient âgés de 6 à 11 ans. Il s’agissait de la première consultation chez le dentiste pour 35 (83,3 %) enfants. Le motif de consultation était le mal de dents chez les deux-tiers des enfants. Des antécédents d’asthme, d’amygdalite, d’ulcère gastro-duodénal et de chirurgie étaient notés chez 6 (14,3) des patients. La dent la plus atteinte était la première molaire de lait. Les causes d’abcès étaient les caries dentaires non traitées 35 cas (83,3%), les traumatismes 5 cas (11,9 %), échec de restauration 1 cas (2,4 %) et les maladies parodontales 1 cas (2,4 %). La radiotransparence périapicale a apporté, majoritairement, la confirmation radiologique chez les enfants atteints. L’extraction dentaire a été le traitement le plus fréquent.
Conclusion : L’incidence des abcès dento-alvéolaires chez les enfants a été significative. La fréquence élevée de caries non traitées comme cause d’abcès dento-alvéolaire indique la nécessité pour les écoles et les centres de santé communautaire à développer des stratégies encourageant les soins dentaires et des programmes de prévention et traitement précoce.

Abstract
Dentoalveolar abscess among children attending a dental clinic in Nigeria

Objective: To determine the incidence and causes of dentoalveolar abscess among children attending an outpatient dental clinic in Nigeria.
Material and methods: This is a retrospective study of paediatric dental patients treated in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City from October 2010 to September 2011.
Results: The incidence of dentoalveolar abscess was 6.4% (53/824). However only 42 cases had their case notes retrieved for final research analysis. It occurred mostly in the lower right quadrant of the mouth. The affected children were majorly males and first or second child of monogamous family. A total 17 (40.5%) of the affected children were in the 6-11 years age group. This was the first dentist consultation among 35 (83.3%) of the children. The presenting complaint was toothache among two-thirds of the children. History of asthma, tonsillitis, peptic ulcer disease and previous surgery were medical history elicited from 6 (14.3) of the patients. The most implicated tooth was deciduous first molar. The causes of abscess include untreated dental caries 35 (83.3%), trauma 5 (11.9%), failed restoration 1 (2.4%) and periodontal diseases 1 (2.4%). Periapical radioluscency was predominant radiological finding among affected children. Tooth extraction was commonest treatment done.
Conclusion: The incidence of dentoalveolar abscess among children was significant. The high frequency of untreated dental caries as the cause of dentoalveolar abscess indicates the need for school and community-based preventive strategies like encouraging infant oral health and preventive dentistry programs and early treatment intervention and dental health education.

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