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Tropical Dental Journal - 1st Pan African international dental journal


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Published in English in Tropical Dental Journal Volume 37 - March 2014 pages 5-12

Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits among adolescents and young adults in Rivers State, NigeriaPrevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits among adolescents and young adults in Rivers State, Nigeria est évalué 1 étoiles par les abonnés Tropical Dental Journal Online

Article Open access

Authors : E A Aikins, C. O Onyeaso - Nigeria


Résumé

Contexte et objectifs : Un programme de soins dentaires systématiques et bien organisé pour toute la population-cible dans une communauté nécessite certaines informations de base, telle que la prévalence de la condition à évaluer. Ainsi, les objectifs de cette étude étaient de déterminer la prévalence de la malocclusion principalement chez les adolescents de Rivers State et de comparer les résultats avec d'autres auteurs.
Méthodes : L'échantillon qui a été choisi au hasard dans sept écoles secondaires comprenait 620 élèves, 297 (48%) étaient des garçons et 323 (52%) des filles âgés de 13 à 20 ans avec un âge moyen de 16.74 ± 2,0 ans (SD). Les caractéristiques occlusales des enfants examinés comprenaient la relation antéro-postérieure occlusale (classification des Angles), overjet, surocclusion, openbite, occlusion croisée, espacement et encombrement. Le protocole de l'indice de complexité, de résultats et de besoin (ICON) a été mesuré dans les classes à l'aide d'un bâtonnet en bois et d'une règle orthodontique millimétrée sous éclairage naturel. Aucun des sujets n'avait eu une quelconque forme de traitement orthodontique.
Résultats : Les résultats ont montré qu'environ 11,8% avaient une occlusion normale, 80,3% avaient des malocclusions de classe I, 6,3% avaient des malocclusions de classe II (Div 1, 3,9% ; Div 11, 2,4%) et 1,6% avaient des malocclusions de classe III. Environ 70% avait un overjet normal, une surocclusion normale a été observée dans environ 56% des cas, tandis que dans 14.4% des cas, on notait un encombrement dans l'arc maxillaire et un espacement dans 60% des cas. La béance était présente chez 7,1% des cas, alors que l'occlusion croisée a été trouvé dans 17,1% des. Des différences significatives entre les sexes ont été trouvées pour la surocclusion, le surplomb et classification d'Angles (P < 0,05).
Conclusion : La malocclusion de classe I est le schéma occlusal prédominant parmi ces étudiants. Ce résultat est comparable aux autres études effectuées dans d'autres régions du Nigeria.

Abstract
Prevalence of malocclusion and occlusal traits among adolescents and young adults in Rivers State, Nigeria

Background and aims: A systematic and well-organized dental care program for any target population in a community requires some basic information, such as the prevalence of the condition to be assessed. Thus, the aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of malocclusion among predominantly Rivers State adolescents and to compare the results with other authors.
Methods: The sample which was randomly selected from seven secondary schools comprised 620 schoolchildren, 297 (48%) males and 323 (52%) females aged 13-20 years old with a mean age of 16.74 ± 2.0 (SD) years. The children were examined for occlusal traits which included the occlusal antero-posterior relationship (Angles classification), overjet, overbite, openbite, crossbite, spacing and crowding. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) protocol was employed in their classrooms using wooden spatulae and orthodontic millimeter rulers under natural illumination. None of the subjects had undergone any form of orthodontic treatment.
Results: Results showed that about 11.8% had normal occlusions, 80.3% had Class I malocclusions, 6.3% had Class II malocclusions (Div 1, 3.9% ; Div 11, 2.4%) and 1.6% had Class III malocclusions. About 70% had normal overjets, normal overbite was seen in about 56%, whilst in the maxillary arch 14.4% had crowding and 60% spacing. Open bite was present in 7.1% while crossbite was found in 17.1%. Significant gender differences were found for overbite, overjet and Angles classification (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Angles Class I malocclusion is the predominant occlusal pattern among these students. This finding compares favorably with other studies done in other parts of Nigeria.

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